美国EB1A的审理标准

什么是杰出人才EB-1A

美国EB-1A杰出人才移民(Alien of Extraordinary Ability)属于美国移民法规定的职业移民"第一优先"类的A类别。它包括在科学、艺术、教育、商业、或体育领域中具有特殊才能，取得很高成就，并持续享有国家级或国际性声誉，而且其成果和贡献在该领域得到广泛认可的杰出专业人才。作为该领域中少数的顶尖人物之一，申请人在获得绿卡后将在美国继续从事其领域内的工作，并且其工作会对美国社会的相关发展，提供实质贡献。

官方链接：

https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/permanent-workers/employment-based-immigration-first-preference-eb-1

杰出人才的具体衡量标准

The person has extraordinary ability in the sciences, arts, education, business, or athletics, which has been demonstrated by sustained national or international acclaim, and whose achievements have been recognized in the field through extensive documentation.

The person seeks to enter the United States to continue work in the area of extraordinary ability.

The person's entry into the United States will substantially benefit the United States in the future.

申请人在科学、艺术、教育、商业或体育方面具有非凡的能力，并通过持续的国家或国际声誉得到证明，其成就通过大量文件在该领域得到认可。

此人寻求进入美国继续在其具有非凡能力的领域工作。

此人进入美国将在未来为美国带来巨大利益。

1. Sustained National or International Acclaim

When filing a petition for a person with extraordinary ability, the petitioner must submit evidence that the person has sustained national or international acclaim and that the person's achievements have been recognized in the field of expertise.[4] In determining whether the beneficiary has enjoyed "sustained" national or international acclaim, the officer should consider that such acclaim must be maintained.[5] However, the term sustained does not imply an age limit on the beneficiary. A beneficiary may be very young or early in his or her career and still be able to show sustained acclaim. There is also no definitive time frame on what constitutes sustained.

If a person was recognized for a particular achievement, the officer should determine whether the person continues to maintain a comparable level of acclaim in the field of expertise since the person was originally afforded that recognition. A person may, for example, have achieved national or international acclaim in the past but then failed to maintain a comparable level of acclaim thereafter.

1持续的国内或国际声誉解释：

在为具有非凡才能的人提出申请时，申请人必须提交证据，证明该人曾在国内或国际上享有盛誉，且其成就已在专业领域内得到认可。在确定受益人是否享有 "持续的 "国内或国际声誉时，官员应考虑这种声誉必须保持。受益人可能非常年轻，或在其职业生涯初期，仍能显示出持续的赞誉。持续也没有明确的时间限制。

如果某人曾因某项成就而受到表彰，官员应确定该人自最初受到表彰以来是否在专业 领域继续保持相当的声誉。例如，一个人过去可能在国内或国际上获得过赞誉，但此后却未能保持类似的赞誉。

2. Continuing to Work in the Area of Expertise

To qualify as a person with extraordinary ability, the beneficiary must intend to continue to work in the area of his or her expertise.

The officer may encounter instances where it is difficult to determine whether the person’s intended employment falls sufficiently within the bounds of his or her area of extraordinary ability. Some of the most problematic cases are those in which the beneficiary’s sustained national or international acclaim is based on his or her abilities as an athlete, but the beneficiary’s intent is to come to the United States and be employed as an athletic coach or manager. Competitive athletics and coaching rely on different sets of skills and in general are not in the same area of expertise. However, many extraordinary athletes have gone on to be extraordinary coaches.

Therefore, in general, if a beneficiary has clearly achieved recent national or international acclaim as an athlete and has sustained that acclaim in the field of coaching or managing at a national level, officers can consider the totality of the evidence as establishing an overall pattern of sustained acclaim and extraordinary ability such that USCIS can conclude that coaching is within the beneficiary’s area of expertise.

Where the beneficiary has had an extended period of time to establish his or her reputation as a coach beyond the years in which he or she had sustained national or international acclaim as an athlete, depending on the specific facts, officers may place heavier, or exclusive, weight on the evidence of the beneficiary’s achievements as a coach or a manager.

2. 继续在专业领域工作

受益人必须打算继续在其专长领域工作，才有资格成为具非凡才能的人。

官员可能会遇到这样的情况，即很难确定受益人打算从事的工作是否属于其具有非凡才能的领域。一些最棘手的情况是，受益人因其作为运动员的能力而在国内或国际上享有盛誉，但受益人的意图是来美国受雇担任体育教练或经理。竞技体育和教练依赖于不同的技能，一般来说不属于同一专业领域。然而，许多杰出的运动员后来都成为了杰出的教练。

因此，在一般情况下，如果受益人作为运动员在最近的国家或国际比赛中取得了显著成绩，并在国家级教练或管理领域保持了这种声誉，移民局官员可以考虑将全部证据视为建立了一种持续声誉和非凡能力的整体模式，从而得出结论认为教练属于受益人的专业领域。

如果受益人作为运动员在国内或国际上享有盛誉的时间超过了其作为教练的时间，那么根据具体事实，官员可能会更重视或只重视受益人作为教练或经理人所取得成就的证据。

3. Entry to Substantially Benefit the United States

To qualify as a person with extraordinary ability, the person’s entry must substantially benefit the United States in the future. Although neither the statute nor the regulations specifically define the statutory phrase “substantially benefit,” it has been interpreted broadly.

Whether the petitioner demonstrates that the person’s employment meets this requirement requires a fact-dependent assessment of the case. There is no standard rule as to what will substantially benefit the United States. In some cases, a Request for Evidence (RFE) may be appropriate if an officer is not yet satisfied that the petitioner has met this requirement.

3. 入境对美国有实质性好处

要成为具有非凡能力的人，此人的入境必须在将来使美国实质受益。虽然法规和条例都没有具体界定 "实质受益 "这一法定短语，但对其进行了广义解释。

申请人是否证明其就业符合这一要求，需要根据案件的实际情况进行评估。至于什么会使美国实质受益，并没有标准规则。在某些情况下，如果官员对申请人是否符合这一要求尚不满意，则可能需要请求提供证据 (RFE)。

B. Evidence of Extraordinary Ability

The regulations describe various types of evidence that the petitioner must submit in support of a petition as documentation of the beneficiary’s extraordinary ability.In general, the petitioner must submit evidence that:

The person has sustained national or international acclaim; and

The person’s achievements have been recognized in the field of expertise.

This initial evidence must include either evidence of a one-time achievement (for example, a major internationally recognized award, such as the Nobel Prize) or at least three of the types of evidence listed in the regulations.

The evidence provided in support of the petition need not specifically use the words "extraordinary." Rather, the material should be such that it is readily apparent that the person's contributions to the field are qualifying. Also, although some of the regulatory language relating to evidence occasionally uses plurals, it is entirely possible that the presentation of a single piece of evidence in a specific evidentiary

category may be sufficient.

B. 非凡能力的证据

该条例描述了申请人为支持申请而必须提交的各种类型的证据，以证明受益人的非凡能 力：

此人在国内或国际上享有盛誉；以及此人的成就已在专业领域得到认可。

这些初步证据必须包括一次性成就的证据（例如，诺贝尔奖等国际公认的重要奖项），或至少三类条例中列出的证据。

为支持申请而提供的证据不必特别使用 "非凡 "一词。相反，所提供的材料应让人一目了然地看出该人在该领域的贡献是合格的。此外，虽然与证据有关的一些规章语言偶尔会使用复数，但在特定证据类别中提供单个证据就已足够。

Officers should use a two-step analysis to evaluate the evidence submitted with the petition to demonstrate eligibility for classification as a person with extraordinary ability.

Petition for Extraordinary Ability Classification: Overview of Two-Step Evidentiary Review

Step 1

Assess whether evidence meets regulatory criteria: Determine, by a preponderance of the evidence, which evidence submitted by the petitioner objectively meets the parameters of the regulatory description that applies to that type of evidence (referred to as "regulatory criteria").

Step 2

Final merits determination: evaluate all the evidence together when considering the petition in its entirety for the final merits determination, in the context of the high level of expertise required for this immigrant classification.

1. Initial Evidence of Extraordinary Ability

The first step of the evidentiary review is limited to determining whether the evidence submitted with the petition meets the regulatory criteria. The evidence must be comprised of either a one-time achievement (that is, a major, internationally recognized award (i.e., Nobel Prize, Pulitzer, Oscar, Olympic Medal)) or at least three of the ten regulatory criteria or be comparable to at least three of the ten regulatory criteria. The officer should apply a preponderance of the evidence standard when making this determination.

For purposes of the first step of the analysis, officers should consider the quality and caliber of the evidence to determine whether a particular regulatory criterion has been met, to the extent the criterion has qualitative requirements.Officers should not yet make a determination regarding whether or not the person is one of that small percentage who have risen to the very top of the field or if the person has sustained national or international acclaim.

The following tables describe the limited determinations the officer should make in the first step of the analysis to determine whether the person has met the applicable evidentiary criteria, including any qualifying comparable evidence.

官员应采用两步分析法来评估申请者提交的证据，以证明申请人有资格被归类为具有非凡才能的人。

非凡能力申请： 两步证据审查概述

第一步

评估证据是否符合监管标准： 通过优势证据确定申请人提交的哪些证据客观上符合适用于该类证据的监管说明参数（称为 "监管标准"）。

第二步

最终优势裁定： 在审议整个申请时，结合该移民类别所需的高水平专业知识，对所有证据进行综合评估，以作出最终案情裁定。

1. 非凡才能的初步证据

证据审查的第一步仅限于确定随申请提交的证据是否符合监管标准。证据必须由一次性成就（即国际公认的重要奖项比如诺贝尔奖，普利策奖、奥斯卡奖、奥运奖牌）或 10 项监管标准中的至少 3 项组成，或与 10 项监管标准中的至少 3 项相当。官员在做出这一决定时应采用优势证据标准。

在分析的第一步，官员应考虑证据的质量和水平，以确定是否符合特定的监管标准，只要该标准有定性要求即可。官员还不应确定该人是否属于少数几个已跃居该领域顶峰的人，或该人是否在国内或国际上享有盛誉。

下表描述了官员在第一步分析中应做出的有限判断，以确定此人是否符合适用的证据标准，包括任何符合条件的可比证据。