关于托福考试中单词的数量要求，一直令考生感到困惑。究竟需要背诵多少单词，才能顺利通过托福考试，获得心仪的分数?面对几千上万的生词，每天要背多少才合理?其实，背单词数量并不是最关键的，合理的托福词汇体系搭配科学的背诵方法，才是真正提高托福词汇能力的捷径。本文通过分析托福不同难度阅读文章中的词汇情况，得出托福考试对词汇的要求主要在于深度，而非难词数量。同时，提出了选择适合自己的词汇书，并遵循正确学习方法论的建议，帮助托福考生有效积累词汇，顺利通过考试。
托福考试词汇难度并不高，主要在词汇掌握的深度
我们先来看一看，托福考试中的文章词汇具体是什么水平。研究显示，不同难度的托福阅读文章，其核心词汇组成并没有明显的差异。无论是11-15分的初级文章，还是25分以上的高级文章，经常使用的词汇仍以初中、高中及四级词汇为主，约占85%。即使出现偏难的单词，其比例也非常低，完全在预期之内。托福强调的是词汇使用的灵活性，而不仅仅是生词量。比如经常出现一词多义、词形变化等情况。因此，我们不应仅仅盯着背诵难词数量，而是要在掌握一定词汇总量的基础上，通过大量阅读来提高词汇运用能力。According to research，core vocabularies in TOEFL reading passages of different difficulties do not have significant differences. No matter it is a junior passage of 11-15 points or a senior passage above 25 points，words frequently used are still mainly junior high school，high school and CET-4 vocabularies，accounting for about 85%. Even if difficult words appear，the proportion is very low and completely within expectation. TOEFL emphasizes flexibility of vocabulary usage instead of just the amount of new words. For example，polysemy and word formation changes often occur. Therefore，we should not just focus on reciting the amount of difficult words，but improve vocabulary application ability through extensive reading on the basis of mastering a certain amount of total vocabularies.
6000-7000的词汇量就足以满足100分要求
结合托福真题分析，我们可以得出，6000-7000的常用词汇量就可以满足托福100分的要求。那么问题来了，究竟要背哪本单词书呢?选择有完整体系的词汇书非常重要。所谓的体系就是从基础到高级，有顺序可循。这样可以避免选择的词汇书要么过于简单，要么直接超出自身水平，都不利于托福词汇的有效积累。比较合理的方式是，通过听写测试自己的词汇量，来选择体系中的合适级别单词书。在确定了适合自己的书之后，再配合正确的学习方法，持之以恒地背诵，就可以稳步提高词汇水平，最终达到托福100分的要求。According to TOEFL actual exam analysis，a vocabulary of 6000-7000 words is sufficient to meet the requirements of TOEFL 100 points. So which vocabulary book should I recite? Choosing vocabulary books with a complete system is very important. The so-called system means there is a sequence from basic to advanced level. In this way，it can avoid choosing either too simple or too difficult vocabulary books，which are not conducive to effective accumulation of TOEFL vocabularies. A more reasonable way is to test your own vocabulary through dictation，and choose the right level book in the system. After determining the suitable book，persistently reciting with the right learning methods can steadily improve your vocabulary and eventually meet the requirements of TOEFL 100 points.
选择适合自己的词汇书效率最高
对于大多数托福考生来说，如何选择合适的词汇书是首要问题。比较有效的方式是通过听写测试自己对单词的掌握情况，来合理选书。具体步骤是:随机选择词汇书的30%单元进行听写，限时10秒写出单词意思和拼写。如果80%以上单词都掌握了，说明这本书偏简单，应选择该单词体系的上一级书;如果不足20%的掌握率，则说明过难，应选择简单一级的书。这样可以快速确定适合当前词汇水平的单词书，学习效率最高。在选择之后，针对自己不会的单词记录生词本反复练习，就可以在原有基础上快速积累新词汇。For most TOEFL test takers，how to choose a suitable vocabulary book is the primary issue. A more effective way is to test your mastery of words through dictation，so as to make a reasonable choice. Specifically，randomly select 30% of units in the vocabulary book for dictation，limiting to 10 seconds to write out the word meaning and spelling. If more than 80% of the words are mastered，it indicates the book is too simple and you should choose the next level book in the system. If the mastery rate is less than 20%，it means the book is too difficult and you should select an easier level book. In this way，you can quickly determine the vocabulary book suitable for your current level with the highest learning efficiency. After choosing，record the words you don't know in your notes and practice repeatedly，so you can quickly accumulate new vocabularies on the original basis.
遵循正确学习方法论，否则白费苦心
有了合适的词汇书，接下来就是需要采取正确的学习方法来背诵单词。常见的问题包括:不知道单词背到什么程度才算数，经常一背就忘。解决这些实际困难的核心在于，要遵循专业的单词学习方法论。首先，在背诵过程中一定要大声朗读，记住单词的读音，并在回想复习中反复检查自己的发音是否准确。其次，要进行复习回想，利用思考去记忆单词的意思，而不是重复浏览单词书。最后，需要记录自己的背词效果，比如记录每天的正确率，用数据评价背词效果。如果坚持使用这些科学有效的方法，就一定能克服记不住单词的难点，获取词汇积累的成效。
Having suitable vocabulary books，the next step is to use correct learning methods to recite words. Common problems include not knowing to what extent words should be recited to count，and often forgetting after reciting. The core of solving these practical difficulties is to follow professional word learning methodologies. Firstly，you must read out loud during reciting，remember the pronunciation of words，and repeatedly check in review if your pronunciation is accurate. Secondly，carry out review recall，using thinking to remember word meanings instead of browsing word books repeatedly. Finally，you need to record your word reciting results，such as recording daily accuracy，using data to evaluate your word reciting effectiveness. If insisting on using these scientific and effective methods，you will definitely be able to overcome the difficulties of remembering words and achieve vocabulary accumulation.
通过对托福不同难度文章的分析我们可以看出，6000-7000的基础词汇量就可以满足100分要求。选择适合自己水平的词汇书非常重要，配合使用正确的学习方法论则是获得词汇积累的关键。只要坚持这些有效学习策略，托福考生就能逐步扩充词汇量，最终达到心仪的高分。
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